[NewPacifica] "The Herrin Horror Retold"





    My how times (and attitudes toward labor disputes and unions) have changed. 
I grew up in a different era in Central and Southern Illinois mine country - 
very, very union mine country. 

    The Time Magazine article (from 1923) below is part of the so called 
"Labor's Untold Story"  - both the good and the bad. (Not that the Time 
Magazine article is all that accurate or unprejudiced.) 
    By the way my grandfather (Ed Forbes) was a Gunman for the Miners' Union in 
Herrin, Illinois at that time. (And yes that was his official title "Gunman". 
Later - in about 1953 when I asked some of the older miners what his real title 
was they said: "Oh the 'youngan' wants us to put a fancy name on his 
Grandfather's title - no - that was his real title 'Gunman'")
    So to be very clear  the shooting of 19 or so (it is unclear just how many 
were shot) strikebreakers  by the Miners in Herrin, Illinois was not a good 
thing.  However  it is sure clear that in Herrin, Illinois it was considered a 
very, very  bad thing to break a Strike and to be a Scab and that just might be 
a good thing even though enforcing it with violence is a bad thing.   And after 
two jury trials of people accused of shooting the 19 Strikebreakers (with over 
50 actual eyewitnesses to the shootings) astonishingly in both trials the 
juries actually voted unanimously to find those accused Not-Guilty. As it was 
said: "In Herrin, Illinois it is not Illegal to shoot Strikebreaking Scabs." 
And that is part of the untold history of labor conflicts in Central and 
Southern Illinois and in America in general. 
    And Otis Clark is still a hero in Herrin, Illinois. As Otis Clark is 
reported to have said:   "Shoot the Scabs - one and all - wipe out the breed 
once and for all".
    And in 1925 at the European Hotel Cigar Store, Otis Clark and my 
grandfather, Ed Forbes, were  ambushed and shot and killed by the KKK and Coal 
Company  supported Sheriff (their were two competing Sheriffs in Herrin during 
that time - the KKK and Coal Company supported Sheriff and the Coal Miner 
supported Sheriff) in retaliation for their roles in the Herrin, Massacre. 
    And nowadays Strikebreakers just watz acorss the Strike Picket Line and 
even people who are members of other unions cross Strike Picket Lines (i.e. 
SCAB) and do not think that there is anything wrong with helping to break a 
Strike of members of another union. 
    My how times have changed.
    Should we organize to bring back some of the things and values of the "good 
old days"?

    Jim D.
-------------------------------


TIME MAGAZINE
Saturday, March 10, 1923
The Herrin Horror Retold

The second Herrin trial is on. The witnesses for the prosecution and the 
defense have assembled, the jury is chosen and the judge has made his opening 
statement. Again the lines of battle in the class war are sharply drawn; the 
zero hour is about to strike, and once more the nation will listen to the 
citizens of Herrin-farmers, strikebreakers, tradesmen, victims of the mob, 
union miners-as they reconstruct the massacre in which 22 strikebreakers and 
mine guards lost their lives. 

It is mid-June in the mining town of Herrin, Illinois. There is a coal strike 
on and all the mines are shut down. It is peaceable, good-natured, loafing 
summer strike, with none of the strife and bitterness of the cold weather 
conflicts in the coal industry. At the Lester strip mine all is quiet. Then one 
day strangers begin to appear in the town. They come in motor trucks and by 
train. They are armed and wear police badges. Others follow them, and all at 
once the Lester mine commences a feverish production. For a day or two nothing 
happens, and then the mine guards begin to patrol the highways. They search 
passersby, they frighten women, they boast and are hardboiled, as professional 
scabs and company detectives usually are. 

Suddenly there is great activity at the United Mine Workers' Local. The miners 
see their strike jeopardized by the scabs, and the community terrorized by the 
mine guards. Fresh arrogance by the invading company detectives fans the flames 
to hatred. The miners begin to arm, a group of them ambush a truck full of 
guards coming from Carbondale and kill three. It is the overt act of class 
warfare. 

Before the sun is down the miners have organized and surrounded the Lester 
strip mine. They fire hundreds of shots into the company sheds and freight 
cars, where the strike breakers and guards have entrenched themselves. But the 
beleaguered defenders are equipped with machine guns and three union miners are 
riddled early in the action. Night falls and the besiegers creep closer-to 
within forty yards of the enemy. They crouch behind a parapet of earth thrown 
up by a steam-shovel and wait for daylight to finish their bloody work. 

Meanwhile Colonel Sam Hunter from the Adjutant General's office in Springfield 
comes to town. He gets in touch with Hugh Willis, official of the Mine Workers' 
Local, and tries to arrange an honorable surrender with immunity. Willis 
replies evasively, but " thinks it can be arranged." The defenders are 
telephoned and told to wait for a " white flag and a union official motor car." 
They wait until sunup, but neither flag or motor appear. So they raise their 
own white flag, and trusting the shouts of the union miners promising them 
immunity, surrender in a body-45 strikebreakers and 25 mine guards. Down the 
dusty road they march, prisoners, promised immunity according to the ethics of 
war. 

But class war has ethics of its own, it seems. One Otis Clark harangues the 
mob. He calls for the death of every scab, prisoner or not, to " stamp out the 
breed " once and for all. As a gauge of battle he leads away McDowell, the 
one-legged superintendent of the mine into the woods. McDowell's mutilated body 
is found hours later. 

The gruesome march continues through Herrin to the cemetery. At the barbed-wire 
fence encircling the graves, the prisoners are lined up. Their captors withdraw 
a few paces and a mob leader says, " We are going to give you a chance to run 
for it." The prisoners start to run and a volley of rifle and shotgun fire from 
the miners slaughters 14. The survivors flee through the woods, where they are 
hunted all day and six recaptured. These six are led back to the cemetery and 
shot down in cold blood. The massacre thus over and the mob's blood lust 
appeased, quiet once more settles upon the sweltering town of Herrin, in late 
June.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


_______________________________________________
Iww-list mailing list
Iww-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
http://lists.iww.org/listinfo/iww-list


questions/problems with archive to: webmaster@mcabee.org
Mail converted by MHonArc 2.6.16