http://www.insidebayarea.com/argus/news/ci_3318391 The skin color of Europeans might have turned white after their ancestors migrated from Africa because of a single mutation among the 3 billion genetic "letters" that make up the human genome, scientists reported this week. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_supremacist#Melanin_and_Melanin_Theory Melanin and Melanin Theory Based on the single-origin hypothesis, black supremacists believe that, because human beings first evolved in Africa with darkly pigmented skin, blacks are more advanced than other peoples of the planet. They claim that the early, powerful black civilizations of Nubia and early dynastic Egypt are proof of inherent melanin-based superiority (see Afrocentrism). This contention, known generally as "Melanin Theory", is founded upon a combination of scientific information and pseudo-scientific claims, and has been a subject of interest among some African-Americans since the discovery of melanin as an organic semiconductor in the early 1970s. The purported qualities of melanin, some accurate, some based on distortions of scientific fact or speculation, are used to justify black supremacist assertions. The central idea of "Melanin Theory" is that the levels of melanin in dark skin naturally enhance intelligence and emotional, psychic and spiritual sensitivity. Believers in Melanin theory also claim that, because melanin is a proven neurotransmitter, higher levels of melanin enable nerve synapses to fire more quickly and efficiently, thereby enhancing the natural athleticism of blacks. Some black supremacists believe that melanin is a semiconductor of sound and heat energy and a superconductor of electromagnetic radiation, claiming that it can convert light and magnetic fields to sound; that it can process information without reporting to the brain; and, further, that it is the chemical basis for what is commonly called "soul". One of the most widely accepted and fundamental notions of Melanin Theory is that whites are "mutants", that white skin is an aberration, a form of albinism. Melanin theorist Wade Nobles takes this notion even further, stating that only blacks are fully human because of their higher levels of skin melanin: That in the evolution of the species, in what some people call the ontogenetic evolution of humankind, that in the evolution of the species the human family separated in a sense that one branch of the family stopped its evolutionary path and simply depended upon the central nervous system as the total machinery for understanding reality. Whereas, the root of the family continued its path and not only evolved a central nervous system but developed what I called at that time an essential melanic system. And that I even went so far as to try to develop a little formula and suggested that CNS + EMS = HB. CNS (Central Nervous System) + EMS (Essential Melanic System) = HB (Human Being). That the central nervous system combined with the essential melanic system is what makes you human. That, in fact, to be human is to be Black. To be human is to be Black. (Nobles 1989). Others, such as psychiatrist and writer Frances Cress Welsing, express the same idea by their use of the term "hue-man" instead of "human,". Welsing is the author of the Cress Theory of Color Confrontation, which in part ascribes certain purported, inherent and behavioral differences between blacks and whites to a "melanin deficiency" in whites. Welsing also claims that the prevalence of high blood pressure among African Americans is due to the fact that melanin exchanges "black photons" with other electrons and, therefore, picks up the negative energy vibrations from white people. Melanin theorist Carol Barnes argues that white scientists have deliberately created drugs such as cocaine, which are specially structured to chemically bind with melanin. Barnes claims that melanin and cocaine have a high affinity for each other because both are alkaloids, and that blacks get addicted faster, stay addicted longer, can test positive for cocaine even a year after its most recent use, and suffer more from these drugs because cocaine co-polymerizes into melanin. Yet, melanin is not an alkaloid, and there is no evidence that melanin co-polymerizes with cocaine in vivo. Scientific research indicates that neuromelanin, which is found in the substantia nigra (in Latin, literally "black substance") of the human brain, plays a role in the transmission of neuronal impulses, with neuromelanin deficiency or neuromelanin deterioration being a distinctive etiological factor in certain disease states affecting neuromotor functioning in humans, such as Parkinson's disease. Further, albinism and vitiligo, both forms of melanin deficiency, are strongly implicated in deafness in mammals, including humans. No direct correlation between race and the level of melanin in the substantia nigra has been observed; however, the significantly lower incidence of Parkinson's in blacks than in whites has "prompt[ed] some to suggest that cutaneous melanin might serve to protect the neuromelanin in substantia nigra from external toxins."[3] Conversely, high levels of cutaneous melanin are positively correlated with vitamin D deficiency and associated illnesses. (See "Melanin", "Physical properties and technological applications".) Research into the properties and possible commercial applications of melanin is ongoing in the biotech fields of organic electronics and nanotechnology. Most scientists consider Melanin Theory pseudoscience; it has little credibility in mainstream medicine or science. -- Melinda Smith =^..^= http://angelfire.com/zine/melsbasketcase ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Help the victims of the Pakistan/India earthquake rebuild their lives. http://us.click.yahoo.com/it0YpD/leGMAA/E2hLAA/xYTolB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> New Pacifica Working Group http://www.egroups.com/group/NewPacifica 'Save Our Stations!' Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NewPacifica/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: NewPacifica-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx <*> Your use of Yahoo! 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